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中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

开年多只基金下调费率吸引投资者******

　　记者王思文

　　2023年伊始，公募基金积极通过下调基金费率(包括管理费率、托管费率、销售服务费率等)的方式让利投资者、提升投资者信心和持有体验。1月11日，工银瑞信安盈货币基金A类和C类基金份额的销售服务费率正式由0.25%调低至0.05%。据《证券日报》记者梳理，这已是今年以来第8只调整费率的基金，其中以债券型基金为主。

　　管理费和托管费

　　为调整主要方向

　　记者注意到，在上述8只基金中，6只为债券型基金，而债券型基金普遍将管理费率调整至0.3%。例如华润元大润泰双鑫债券型证券投资基金、国寿安保尊享债券型证券投资基金均将管理费率由原来的0.7%调低至0.3%。

　　除了管理费率，部分债券型基金的托管费率也有所调整。如国寿安保尊享债券型证券投资基金的托管费率从0.2%降至0.1%，中加丰尚纯债债券型证券投资基金的托管费率由0.1%调低至0.08%，广发亚太中高收益债券型证券投资基金的托管费率由0.25%降低为0.15%。

　　伴随基金业的发展与成长，公募基金相关费率持续下行。尤其是在资本市场环境相对复杂、基金赚钱效应欠佳的情况下，基金往往会主动降费。去年全年，伴随市场震荡波动，已有多家基金公司旗下产品出于提升产品竞争力、提高投资者获得感等方面考虑，发布了费率优惠相关公告。

　　对于2023年开年债券型基金扎堆下调费率，恒生前海短债债券基金经理张昆在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示：“去年年底债券市场的调整使投资者信心受挫。在此背景下，债券基金降低费率也是希望通过让利投资者，提升产品竞争力。”

　　增强投资者的获得感

　　预计未来行业还会降费

　　事实上，近年来监管层多次提及基金降费让利的问题。去年9月份，国务院办公厅印发《关于进一步优化营商环境降低市场主体制度性交易成本的意见》明确提出，降低市场主体制度性交易成本，规范金融服务收费，鼓励证券、基金、担保等机构进一步降低服务收费，推动金融基础设施合理降低交易、托管、登记、清算等费用。

　　一位公募FOF基金经理对《证券日报》记者表示：“债券基金产品降费总体上有利于推动公募行业高质量发展，比如其直接降低了投资者持有成本，增强了投资者获得感，从而促进投资者利益与资产规模的正向循环。”

　　“我们预计未来行业还会进一步降费，因为基金产品降费让利于民是行业迈向高质量发展的必然趋势。”张昆对记者表示。

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）