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用公益诉讼筑牢网售处方药安全堤坝******
时本
远程诊疗、网上开方、送药上门……随着互联网医疗的蓬勃发展，网上药店让消费者足不出户就能快速获取药物，然而由此带来的药品误用、滥用、过量服用事件也时有发生。药品安全非同儿戏，网上用药安全该如何保障？近日，最高人民检察院发布了一批药品安全公益诉讼典型案例，其中北京铁路运输检察院办理的督促整治网络平台药店违法销售处方药行政公益诉讼案，对保障用药安全问题进行了一系列探索。(1月9日《检察日报》)
“网上药店无处方销售处方药”“轻轻松松能买到12周以上用量的处方药”“药师审核形同虚设”“处方上没有执业药师的签字”……这些网售处方药乱象存在已久。即使《药品网络销售监督管理办法》于去年12月1日起正式实施，网络售药迎来强监管时代，但是问题也并未因此而得到根治，一些网上药店仍然存在“走过场式开方”等现象。
网售处方药乱象治理与监督的主体缺失、监督的积极性有时不算太高有关。处方药网售越便捷，销售成本就越低，销量也越大，线上药店和线上医生获取的利益就越多。在这种情况下，只要有机会，处方药随意网售的口子就可能会越开越大。一些消费者只图省事，把药品当成普通电商产品，看不到药品误服和滥用的风险，甚至认为网售处方药不应该管得太严。正因如此，网售处方药的供需双方，形成了事实上的“利益共同体”，他们都不愿意主动监督网售处方药乱象。
药监部门是网售处方药的法定监督主体，在治理网售处方药乱象中，发挥了很大作用，诸多网售处方药案件的查处，均是药监部门认真履行监督职责的结果。但也要看到，假如极少数药监部门慢作为或者不作为，网售处方药也会潜滋暗长，用药安全也就面临危机。关键是，互联网具有跨区域等特点，一地失守又将影响全局，一旦网售处方药乱象的危害波及全网，那么远在千里之外的消费者也会成为受害者。
倘若监管部门履职好坏全凭自觉，网售处方药乱象就不容易得到遏制。履职情况需要得到监督，在这方面，检察机关可以发挥重要作用。当检察机关发现网售处方药存在一些乱象后，可以通过向药监部门制发检察建议，督促药监部门认真履职。除此之外，检察机关还可作为整个消费群体的诉讼代理人，对于违法销售处方药的平台和个人展开诉讼。这类公益诉讼让维权和监督主体都更加明确，是治理网售处方药乱象不可多得的好方式，理应得到广泛推广。最高检推介这些典型案例，也是希望检察机关在这方面能够发挥更大作用。
网售处方药方便了民众求医问药，也使互联网医疗从此告别“有医无药”的困境。但与非处方药相比，处方药既有更强的治疗作用，也有更强的毒副作用。以前处方药在实体药店就存在随意销售等乱象，若想阻止这类乱象向线上蔓延，就得加大网售处方药乱象的治理力度，让包括药品安全公益诉讼在内的监督手段更丰富、更管用，方能让民众安心享有处方药网售带来的巨大便捷与实惠。
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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